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diff --git a/PbSe_global_analysis/mybib.bib b/PbSe_global_analysis/mybib.bib new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b195cce --- /dev/null +++ b/PbSe_global_analysis/mybib.bib @@ -0,0 +1,1268 @@ +@article{Besemann2004, + author = {Besemann, Daniel M. and Meyer, Kent A. and Wright, John C.}, + title = {{Spectroscopic Characteristics of Triply Vibrationally + Enhanced Four-Wave Mixing Spectroscopy †}}, + journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry B}, + volume = 108, + number = 29, + pages = {10493--10504}, + year = 2004, + doi = {10.1021/jp049597l}, + url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp049597l}, + abstract = {Triply vibrationally enhanced (TRIVE) four-wave mixing is a + fully resonant, frequency domain spectroscopy that is capable + of coherent multidimensional vibrational spectroscopy. TRIVE + has 12 different coherence pathways that differ in their time + ordering and resonances. The pathways are the coherent + analogue to two-color pump-probe pathways. Specific pathways + or sets of pathways can be chosen by appropriate selection of + time delays and resonance conditions. The pathways have + characteristic positions and line shapes in three-dimensional + frequency space and their coherent interference has + consequences in interpreting the spectra. The line shapes and + the relative intensities of different pathways are dependent + on the population relaxation and dephasing rates. The + different pathways also have different capabilities for + line-narrowing inhomogeneously broadened transitions. The + narrowing is controlled by the interference between pathways + and the quantum level interference between different parts of + the inhomogeneously broadened envelope. We also show that + selection of the output frequency in two-color TRIVE methods + constrains the selection rules that control the relative + transition probabilities of the four transitions.}, + file = {::}, + issn = {1520-6106}, + month = {jul}, +} + +@article{Block2012, + author = {Block, Stephen B. and Yurs, Lena a. and Pakoulev, Andrei V. + and Selinsky, Rachel Sarah and Jin, Song and Wright, John C.}, + title = {{Multiresonant Multidimensional Spectroscopy of + Surface-Trapped Excitons in PbSe Quantum Dots}}, + journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters}, + volume = 3, + number = 18, + pages = {2707--2712}, + year = 2012, + doi = {10.1021/jz300599b}, + url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jz300599b}, + file = {::}, + issn = {1948-7185}, + month = {sep}, +} + +@article{BritoCruz1988, + author = {{Brito Cruz}, C.H. and Gordon, J.P. and Becker, P.C. and Fork, + R.L. and Shank, C.V.}, + title = {{Dynamics of spectral hole burning}}, + journal = {IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics}, + volume = 24, + number = 2, + pages = {261--269}, + year = 1988, + doi = {10.1109/3.122}, + url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/122/}, + file = {::}, + issn = {0018-9197}, + month = {feb}, +} + +@article{Carlson1989, + author = {Carlson, Roger J. and Wright, John C.}, + title = {{Absorption and Coherent Interference Effects in Multiply + Resonant Four-Wave Mixing Spectroscopy}}, + journal = {Applied Spectroscopy}, + volume = 43, + number = 7, + pages = {1195--1208}, + year = 1989, + doi = {10.1366/0003702894203408}, + url = + {http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article{\&}issn=0003-7028{\&}volume=43{\&}issue=7{\&}spage=1195}, + abstract = {The effects of coherent interference between resonant and + nonresonant signals and the effects of absorption on + multiresonant four-wave mixing spectra are investigated both + theoretically and experimentally in azu- iene-doped + naphthalene crystals at 2 K. Both effects can strongly alter + line shapes and intensities. Line splittings and negative + spectral features are demonstrated. Coherent interference, + although measurable in this system, is weak. Absorption, + however, plays an important role, and its effects on phase + matching, peak shapes, and peak intensities are pre- dicted + theoretically and are confirmed by the experimental measure- + ments. A new expression for the four-wave mixing is derived in + terms of sample absorption coefficients and absorption cross + sections, and gen- eral conditions for maximum efficiency are + determined.}, + file = {::}, + issn = 00037028, + keywords = {M-factors}, + mendeley-tags ={M-factors}, + month = {sep}, +} + +@article{Czech2015, + author = {Czech, Kyle J. and Thompson, Blaise J. and Kain, Schuyler and + Ding, Qi and Shearer, Melinda J. and Hamers, Robert J. and + Jin, Song and Wright, John C.}, + title = {{Measurement of Ultrafast Excitonic Dynamics of Few-Layer MoS + 2 Using State-Selective Coherent Multidimensional + Spectroscopy}}, + journal = {ACS Nano}, + volume = 9, + number = 12, + pages = {12146--12157}, + year = 2015, + doi = {10.1021/acsnano.5b05198}, + url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsnano.5b05198}, + abstract = {We report the first coherent multidimensional spectroscopy + study of a MoS2 film. A four-layer sample of MoS2 was + synthesized on a silica substrate by a simplified sulfidation + reaction and characterized by absorption and Raman + spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission + electron microscopy. State-selective coherent multidimensional + spectroscopy (CMDS) on the as-prepared MoS2 film resolved the + dynamics of a series of diagonal and cross-peak features + involving the spin-orbit split A and B excitonic states and + continuum states. The spectra are characterized by striped + features that are similar to those observed in CMDS studies of + quantum wells where the continuum states contribute strongly + to the initial excitation of both the diagonal and cross-peak + features, while the A and B excitonic states contributed + strongly to the final output signal. The strong contribution + from the continuum states to the initial excitation shows that + the continuum states are coupled to the A and B excitonic + states and that fast intraband relaxation is occurring on a + sub-70 fs time scale. A comparison of the CMDS excitation + signal and the absorption spectrum shows that the relative + importance of the continuum states is determined primarily by + their absorption strength. Diagonal and cross-peak features + decay with a 680 fs time constant characteristic of exciton + recombination and/or trapping. The short time dynamics are + complicated by coherent and partially coherent pathways that + become important when the excitation pulses are temporally + overlapped. In this region, the coherent dynamics create + diagonal features involving both the excitonic states and + continuum states, while the partially coherent pathways + contribute to cross-peak features.}, + file = {::}, + issn = {1936-0851}, + keywords = {2D,2d,are layered,molybdenum sul fi de,molybdenum + sulfide,multidimensional,nonlinear,ransition metal + dichalcogenides,semiconductors with strong spin,such as mos + 2,tmdcs,transition metal dichalcogenides,ultrafast + dynamics,{\`{a}}}, + month = {dec}, + pmid = 26525496, +} + +@article{Dai2009, + author = {Dai, Quanqin and Wang, Yingnan Yiding and Li, Xinbi and Zhang, + Yu and Pellegrino, Donald J. and Zhao, Muxun and Zou, Bo and + Seo, JaeTae and Wang, Yingnan Yiding and Yu, William W.}, + title = {{Size-dependent composition and molar extinction coefficient + of PbSe semiconductor nanocrystals.}}, + journal = {ACS nano}, + volume = 3, + number = 6, + pages = {1518--24}, + year = 2009, + doi = {10.1021/nn9001616}, + url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19702314}, + abstract = {Atomic compositions and molar extinction coefficients of PbSe + semiconductor nanocrystals were determined by atomic + absorption spectrometry, UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometry, and + transmission electron microscopy. The Pb/Se atomic ratio was + found to be size-dependent with a systematic excess of Pb + atoms in the PbSe nanocrystal system. Experimental results + indicated that the individual PbSe nanocrystal was + nonstoichiometric, consisting of a PbSe core and an extra + layer of Pb atoms. For these nonstoichiometric PbSe + semiconductor nanocrystals, we proposed a new computational + approach to calculate the total number of Pb and Se atoms in + different sized particles. This calculation played a key role + on the accurate determination of the strongly size-dependent + extinction coefficient, which followed a power law with an + exponent of approximately 2.5.}, + file = {::}, + isbn = {1936-0851}, + issn = {1936-086X}, + keywords = {Composition,Molar extinction coefficient,PbSe,Semiconductor + nanocrystal,Size dependence,informative,size-exciton + correlation}, + mendeley-tags ={informative}, + month = {jun}, + pmid = 19435305, +} + +@article{DeGeyter2012, + author = {{De Geyter}, Bram and Geiregat, Pieter and Gao, Yunan and {Ten + Cate}, Sybren and Houtepen, Arjan J. and Schins, Juleon M. and + {Van Thourhout}, Dries and Siebbeles, Laurens D A and Hens, + Zeger}, + title = {{Broadband and picosecond intraband absorption in lead based + colloidal quantum dots}}, + journal = {ACS Nano}, + number = 7, + pages = {6067--6074}, + year = 2012, + doi = {10.1109/ICTON.2012.6254469}, + abstract = {Using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy we + demonstrate that lead chalcogenide nanocrystals show + considerable, photoinduced absorption (PA) in a broad + wavelength range just below the bandgap. The time-dependent + decay of the PA signal correlates with the recovery of the + band gap absorption, indicating that the same carriers are + involved. Based on this, we assign this PA signal to intraband + absorption, i.e., the excitation of photogenerated carriers + from the bottom of the conduction band or the top of the + valence band to higher energy levels in the conduction and + valence band continuum. We confirm our experiments with + tight-binding calculations. This broadband response in the + commercially interesting near to mid-infrared range is very + relevant for ultra high speed all optical signal processing. + We benchmark the performance with bulk-Si and + Si-nanocrystals.}, + file = {::}, + isbn = 9781467322270, + issn = 21627339, + keywords = {colloidal nanocrystals,free carrier absorption,intraband + absorption,lead chalcogenide,optical signal + processing,tight-binding,transient absorption spectroscopy}, + pmid = 22686663, +} + +@article{DelCoso2004, + author = {del Coso, Ra{\'{u}}l and Solis, Javier}, + title = {{Relation between nonlinear refractive index and third-order + susceptibility in absorbing media}}, + journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America B}, + volume = 21, + number = 3, + pages = 640, + year = 2004, + doi = {10.1364/JOSAB.21.000640}, + url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=JOSAB-21-3-640 + https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-21-3-640}, + abstract = {Expressions relating complex third-order optical + susceptibility ($\chi$(3)=$\chi$R(3)+i$\chi$I(3)) with + nonlinear refractive index (n2) and nonlinear absorption + coefficient ($\beta$) have been formulated that eliminate the + commonly used approximation of a negligible linear absorption + coefficient. The resulting equations do not show the + conventional linear dependence of $\chi$R(3) with n2 and + $\chi$I(3) with $\beta$. Nonlinear refraction and absorption + result instead from the interplay between the real and + imaginary parts of the first- and third-order susceptibilities + of the material. This effect is illustrated in the case of a + metal–dielectric nanocomposite for which n2 and $\beta$ values + were experimentally obtained by Z-scan measurements and for + which the use of the new formulas for $\chi$R(3) and + $\chi$I(3) yield a large correction and a sign reversal for + $\chi$I(3).}, + file = {::}, + issn = {0740-3224}, + month = {mar}, + pmid = 220057300022, +} + +@article{Gdor2012, + author = {Gdor, Itay and Sachs, Hanan and Roitblat, Avishy and + Strasfeld, David B. and Bawendi, Moungi G. and Ruhman, + Sanford}, + title = {{Exploring exciton relaxation and multiexciton generation in + PbSe nanocrystals using hyperspectral near-IR probing.}}, + journal = {ACS nano}, + volume = 6, + number = 4, + pages = {3269--77}, + year = 2012, + doi = {10.1021/nn300184n}, + url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22390473}, + abstract = {Hyperspectral femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy is + employed to record exciton relaxation and recombination in + colloidal lead selenide (PbSe) nanocrystals in unprecedented + detail. Results obtained with different pump wavelengths and + fluences are scrutinized with regard to three issues: (1) + early subpicosecond spectral features due to "hot" excitons + are analyzed in terms of suggested underlying mechanisms; (2) + global kinetic analysis facilitates separation of the + transient difference spectra into single, double, and triple + exciton state contributions, from which individual band + assignments can be tested; and (3) the transient spectra are + screened for signatures of multiexciton generation (MEG) by + comparing experiments with excitation pulses both below and + well above the theoretical threshold for multiplication. For + the latter, a recently devised ultrafast pump-probe + spectroscopic approach is employed. Scaling sample + concentrations and pump pulse intensities inversely with the + extinction coefficient at each excitation wavelength overcomes + ambiguities due to direct multiphoton excitation, + uncertainties of absolute absorption cross sections, and low + signal levels. As observed in a recent application of this + method to InAs core/shell/shell nanodots, no sign of MEG was + detected in this sample up to photon energy 3.7 times the band + gap. Accordingly, numerous reports of efficient MEG in other + samples of PbSe suggest that the efficiency of this process + varies from sample to sample and depends on factors yet to be + determined.}, + file = {::}, + isbn = {1936-086X (Electronic)$\backslash$r1936-0851 (Linking)}, + issn = {1936-086X}, + keywords = {SADS,carrier multiplication,ciency in nanocrystals has,exciton + cooling,in accord,led,meg effi-,multiexciton + generation,quantum dots,the apparent enhancement of,ultrafast + spectroscopy}, + mendeley-tags ={SADS}, + month = {apr}, + pmid = 22390473, +} + +@article{Gdor2013a, + author = {Gdor, Itay and Yang, Chunfan and Yanover, Diana and Sachs, + Hanan and Lifshitz, Efrat and Ruhman, Sanford}, + title = {{Novel Spectral Decay Dynamics of Hot Excitons in PbSe + Nanocrystals: A Tunable Femtosecond Pump–Hyperspectral Probe + Study}}, + journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C}, + volume = 117, + number = 49, + pages = {26342--26350}, + year = 2013, + doi = {10.1021/jp409530z}, + url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp409530z}, + abstract = {Ultrafast exciton cooling in highly monodisperse PbSe + nanocrystals is followed with tunable pump?hyperspectral + near-IR probe spectroscopy. Unexpected kinetic and spectral + correlations between induced bleach and absorption features + are revealed, which are incompatible with standard models for + excited nanocrystal absorption. Interband optical excitation + immediately generates a sharp bleach feature near the 1Sh1Se + transition which is unchanged during exciton thermalization, + while pumping well above the band edge induces an intense + absorption at frequencies just below the band edge which + decays concurrently with a buildup of renewed absorbance at + the 1Ph1Pe peak during exciton cooling. Transient spectra of + hot single and double excitons are nearly indistinguishable, + arguing against the controversial involvement of Auger cooling + in the rapid dissipation of excess energy in excited PbSe QDs. + Finally, quantitative signal analysis shows no signs of + multiexciton generation up to photon energies four times the + sample band gap. Ultrafast exciton cooling in highly + monodisperse PbSe nanocrystals is followed with tunable + pump?hyperspectral near-IR probe spectroscopy. Unexpected + kinetic and spectral correlations between induced bleach and + absorption features are revealed, which are incompatible with + standard models for excited nanocrystal absorption. Interband + optical excitation immediately generates a sharp bleach + feature near the 1Sh1Se transition which is unchanged during + exciton thermalization, while pumping well above the band edge + induces an intense absorption at frequencies just below the + band edge which decays concurrently with a buildup of renewed + absorbance at the 1Ph1Pe peak during exciton cooling. + Transient spectra of hot single and double excitons are nearly + indistinguishable, arguing against the controversial + involvement of Auger cooling in the rapid dissipation of + excess energy in excited PbSe QDs. Finally, quantitative + signal analysis shows no signs of multiexciton generation up + to photon energies four times the sample band gap.}, + file = {::}, + isbn = 1557522790, + issn = {1932-7447}, + month = {dec}, +} + +@article{Gdor2015, + author = {Gdor, Itay and Shapiro, Arthur and Yang, Chunfan and Yanover, + Diana and Lifshitz, Efrat and Ruhman, Sanford}, + title = {{Three-pulse femtosecond spectroscopy of PbSe nanocrystals: 1S + bleach nonlinearity and sub-band-edge excited-state absorption + assignment}}, + journal = {ACS Nano}, + volume = 9, + number = 2, + pages = {2138--2147}, + year = 2015, + doi = {10.1021/nn5074868}, + abstract = {Above band-edge photo-excitation of PbSe nanocrystals induces + strong below band-gap absorption as well as a multi-phased + buildup of bleaching in the 1Se1Sh transition. The amplitudes + and kinetics of these features deviate from expectations based + on bi-exciton shifts and state filling which are the + mechanisms usually evoked to explain them. To clarify these + discrepancies, the same transitions are investigated here by + double-pump probe spectroscopy. Re-exciting in the below + band-gap induced absorption characteristic of hot excitons is + shown to produce additional excitons with high probability. In + addition, pump-probe experiments on a sample saturated with + single relaxed excitons proves that the resulting 1Se1Sh + bleach is not linear with the number of excitons per + nanocrystal. This finding holds for two samples differing + significantly in size, demonstrating its generality. Analysis + of the results suggest that below band edge induced absorption + in hot exciton states is due to excited state absorption and + not to shifted absorption of cold carriers, and that 1Se1Sh + bleach signals are not an accurate counter of sample excitons + when their distribution includes multi-exciton states.}, + file = {::}, + isbn = {1936-0851}, + issn = {1936086X}, + keywords = {exciton cooling,multiexciton generation,nanocrystals,quantum + dots,ultrafast spectroscopy}, +} + +@article{Gdor2015a, + author = {Gdor, Itay and Yanover, Dianna and Yang, Chunfan and Shapiro, + Arthur and Lifshitz, Efrat and Ruhman, Sanford}, + title = {{Three Pulse Femtosecond Spectroscopy of PbSe Nano-Crystals ; + 1S Bleach Nonlinearity and Sub Band-Edge Excited State + Absorption Assignment Three Pulse Femtosecond Spectroscopy of + PbSe nano-Crystals ; 1S Bleach Nonlinearity and Sub Band-edge + Excited State A}}, + journal = {ACS Nano}, + pages = {2--5}, + year = 2015, + doi = {10.1021/nn5074868}, + file = {::}, +} + +@article{Geiregat2014, + author = {Geiregat, Pieter and Houtepen, Arjan J. and Justo, Yolanda and + Grozema, Ferdinand C. and {Van Thourhout}, Dries and Hens, + Zeger}, + title = {{Coulomb Shifts upon Exciton Addition to Photoexcited PbS + Colloidal Quantum Dots}}, + journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C}, + volume = 118, + number = 38, + pages = {22284--22290}, + year = 2014, + doi = {10.1021/jp505530k}, + url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp505530k}, + abstract = {Using ultrafast hyperspectral transient absorption (TA) + spectroscopy, we determine the biexciton addition energies in + PbS quantum dots (QDs) with different sizes when either a cold + or a hot electron−hole pair is added to a QD already + containing a cooled exciton. The observed dependence of this + so-called biexciton addition energy on the QD diameter and the + exciton energy can be rationalized by interpreting the + addition energies as the result of an imbalance in the Coulomb + interactions between the newly created carriers and the + carriers already present in a QD. The obtained results are + therefore relevant from both a fundamental and practical point + of view. They provide experimental data on Coulomb interaction + between charge carriers in confined semiconductors that can be + compared with theoretical estimates. Moreover, understanding + the way hot−cold biexciton addition energies influence the + transient absorption spectrum adds a new element to the + transient absorption toolbox for the optoelectronic properties + of colloidal QDs. ■ INTRODUCTION Colloidal semiconductor + nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) are an increasingly + prominent class of low-dimensional nanomaterials that combine + size-tunable electronic and optical properties with a + suitability for solution-based processing. Starting from + fundamental research and theoretical modeling on their unique + physical properties, QDs are now applied in a variety of + domains such as solar energy harvesting, photo-detection, and + light-emitting diodes or displays. 1−5 These applications + typically rely on the linear optical properties of QDs, i.e., + light absorption by unexcited QDs and light emission by + radiative recombination in excited QDs. On the other hand, + various studies have shown that the spectral and + time-dependent properties of excited QDs can strongly enhance + the performance of QD-based devices in the above mention + applications or enable QDs to be used in completely different + applications. Quantum dots excited with photons having + energies exceeding twice that of the QD bandgap transition + can, for example, dissipate their excess energy by forming + biexcitons in a process called multiple exciton generation + (MEG) that can considerably enhance the short circuit current + of single junction, QD-based solar cells. 2,6−8 Controlling + the recombination rate of biexcitons by nonradiative Auger + processes allowed for the formation of blinking-free QDs and + facilitated the formation of QD-based lasers. 9,10 Moreover, + it was proven that excited QDs exhibit a broadband and + ultrafast photoinduced absorption related to intraband + transitions of either the excited electron or hole, which + could be used for optical modulation. 11,12}, + file = {::;::}, + issn = {1932-7447}, + month = {sep}, +} + +@article{Gesuele2012, + author = {Gesuele, F and Sfeir, M Y and Murray, C B and Heinz, T F and + Wong, C W}, + title = {{Biexcitonic Effects in Excited Ultrafast Supercontinuum + S{\aa}ectroscopy of Carrier Multiplication and Biexctionic + Effects in Excited States of PbS Quantum Dots}}, + journal = {Nano letters}, + volume = 12, + pages = 2658, + year = 2012, + file = {::}, + keywords = {1,2 the strong spatial,based-materials for third-generation + photovol-,carrier multiplication,confinement of electronic + wave,here is great interest,in the properties + of,multiple-exciton generation,qd,quantum dot,solar + cells,taics,ultrafast spectroscopy}, +} + +@article{Hogemann1996, + author = {H{\"{o}}gemann, Claudia and Pauchard, Marc and Vauthey, Eric}, + title = {{Picosecond transient grating spectroscopy: The nature of the + diffracted spectrum}}, + journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments}, + volume = 67, + number = 10, + pages = {3449--3453}, + year = 1996, + doi = {10.1063/1.1147157}, + url = {http://link.aip.org/link/RSINAK/v67/i10/p3449/s1{\&}Agg=doi + http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1147157}, + file = {::}, + issn = {0034-6748}, + month = {oct}, +} + +@article{Hutchings1992, + author = {Hutchings, D C and Sheik-Bahae, M and Hagan, D J and {Van + Stryland}, E W}, + title = {{Kramers-Kronig relations in nonlinear optics}}, + journal = {Optical and Quantum Electronics}, + volume = 24, + number = 1, + pages = {1--30}, + year = 1992, + doi = {10.1007/BF01234275}, + url = + {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01234275{\%}5Cnhttp://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/BF01234275}, + abstract = {We review dispersion relations, which relate the real part of + the optical susceptibility (refraction) to the imaginary part + (absorption). We derive and discuss these relations as applied + to nonlinear optical systems. It is shown that in the + nonlinear case, for self-action effects the correct form for + such dispersion relations is nondegenerate, i.e. it is + necessary to use multiple frequency arguments. Nonlinear + dispersion relations have been shown to be very useful as they + usually only require integration over a limited frequency + range (corresponding to frequencies at which the absorption + changes), unlike the conventional linear Kramers-Kr{\"{o}}nig + relation which requires integration over all absorbing + frequencies. Furthermore, calculation of refractive index + changes using dispersion relations is easier than a direct + calculation of the susceptibility, as transition rates (which + give absorption coefficients) are, in general, far easier to + calculate than the expectation value of the optical + polarization. Both resonant (generation of some excitation + that is long lived compared with an optical period) and + nonresonant ‘instantaneous' optical nonlinearities are + discussed, and it is shown that the nonlinear dispersion + relation has a common form and can be understood in terms of + the linear Kramers-Kr{\"{o}}nig relation applied to a new + system consisting of the material plus some ‘perturbation'. We + present several examples of the form of this external + perturbation, which can be viewed as the pump in a pump-probe + experiment. We discuss the two-level saturated atom model and + bandfilling in semiconductors among others for the resonant + case. For the nonresonant case some recent work is included + where the electronic nonlinear refractive coefficient,n2, is + determined from the nonlinear absorption processes of + two-photon absorption, Raman transitions and the a.c. Stark + effect. We also review how the dispersion relations can be + extended to give alternative forms for frequency summation + which, for example, allows the real and imaginary parts of?(2) + to be related.}, + file = {::;::}, + isbn = {0306-8919}, + issn = 03068919, +} + +@article{Kang1997, + author = {Kang, Inuk and Wise, Frank W.}, + title = {{Electronic structure and optical properties of PbS and PbSe + quantum dots}}, + journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America B}, + volume = 14, + number = 7, + pages = 1632, + year = 1997, + doi = {10.1364/JOSAB.14.001632}, + url = + {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-14-7-1632}, + file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Dan/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley + Desktop/Downloaded/Kang, Wise - 1997 - Electronic structure + and optical properties of PbS and PbSe quantum dots.pdf:pdf}, + issn = {0740-3224}, + month = {jul}, +} + +@article{Karki2013, + author = {Karki, Khadga J and Ma, Fei and Zheng, Kaibo and Zidek, Karel + and Mousa, Abdelrazek and Abdellah, Mohamed and Messing, Maria + E and Wallenberg, L Reine and Yartsev, Arkadi and Pullerits, + T{\~{o}}nu}, + title = {{Multiple exciton generation in nano-crystals revisited: + consistent calculation of the yield based on pump-probe + spectroscopy.}}, + journal = {Scientific reports}, + volume = 3, + pages = 2287, + year = 2013, + doi = {10.1038/srep02287}, + url = + {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3724175{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract}, + abstract = {Multiple exciton generation (MEG) is a process in which more + than one exciton is generated upon the absorption of a high + energy photon, typically higher than two times the band gap, + in semiconductor nanocrystals. It can be observed + experimentally using time resolved spectroscopy such as the + transient absorption measurements. Quantification of the MEG + yield is usually done by assuming that the bi-exciton signal + is twice the signal from a single exciton. Herein we show that + this assumption is not always justified and may lead to + significant errors in the estimated MEG yields. We develop a + methodology to determine proper scaling factors to the signals + from the transient absorption experiments. Using the + methodology we find modest MEG yields in lead chalcogenide + nanocrystals including the nanorods.}, + file = {::}, + issn = {2045-2322}, + month = {jan}, + pmid = 23887181, +} + +@article{Kohler2014, + author = {Kohler, Daniel D. and Block, Stephen B. and Kain, Schuyler and + Pakoulev, Andrei V. and Wright, John C.}, + title = {{Ultrafast Dynamics within the 1S Exciton Band of Colloidal + PbSe Quantum Dots Using Multiresonant Coherent + Multidimensional Spectroscopy}}, + journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C}, + volume = 118, + number = 9, + pages = {5020--5031}, + year = 2014, + doi = {10.1021/jp412058u}, + url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp412058u}, + file = {::}, + issn = {1932-7447}, + month = {mar}, +} + +@article{Kohler2017, + author = {Kohler, Daniel D and Thompson, Blaise J and Wright, John C}, + title = {{Frequency-domain coherent multidimensional spectroscopy when + dephasing rivals pulsewidth: Disentangling material and + instrument response}}, + journal = {The Journal of Chemical Physics}, + volume = 147, + number = 8, + pages = 084202, + year = 2017, + doi = {10.1063/1.4986069}, + url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4986069 + http://aip.scitation.org/toc/jcp/147/8 + http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4986069}, + abstract = {Ultrafast spectroscopy is often collected in the mixed + frequency/time domain, where pulse durations are similar to + system dephasing times. In these experiments, expectations + derived from the familiar driven and impulsive limits are not + valid. This work simulates the mixed-domain four-wave mixing + response of a model system to develop expectations for this + more complex field-matter interaction. We explore frequency + and delay axes. We show that these line shapes are exquisitely + sensitive to excitation pulse widths and delays. Near pulse + overlap, the excitation pulses induce correlations that + resemble signatures of dynamic inhomogeneity. We describe + these line shapes using an intuitive picture that connects to + familiar field-matter expressions. We develop strategies for + distinguishing pulse-induced correlations from true system + inhomogeneity. These simulations provide a founda-tion for + interpretation of ultrafast experiments in the mixed domain.}, + file = {::}, + issn = {0021-9606}, + month = {aug}, +} + +@article{Kraatz2014, + author = {Kraatz, Ingvar T and Booth, Matthew and Whitaker, Benjamin J + and Nix, Michael G D and Critchley, Kevin}, + title = {{Sub-Bandgap Emission and Intraband Defect-Related + Excited-State Dynamics in Colloidal CuInS 2 /ZnS Quantum Dots + Revealed by Femtosecond Pump − Dump − Probe Spectroscopy}}, + year = {2014}, + file = {::}, +} + +@article{Lucarini2008, + author = {Lucarini, Valerio}, + title = {{Response theory for equilibrium and non-equilibrium + statistical mechanics: Causality and generalized + kramers-kronig relations}}, + journal = {Journal of Statistical Physics}, + volume = 131, + number = 3, + pages = {543--558}, + year = 2008, + doi = {10.1007/s10955-008-9498-y}, + abstract = {We consider the general response theory proposed by Ruelle for + describing the impact of small perturbations to the + non-equilibrium steady states resulting from Axiom A dynamical + systems. We show that the causality of the response functions + allows for writing a set of Kramers-Kronig relations for the + corresponding susceptibilities at all orders of nonlinearity. + Nonetheless, only a special class of observable + susceptibilities obey Kramers-Kronig relations. Specific + results are provided for arbitrary order harmonic response, + which allows for a very comprehensive Kramers-Kronig analysis + and the establishment of sum rules connecting the asymptotic + behavior of the susceptibility to the short-time response of + the system. These results generalize previous findings on + optical Hamiltonian systems and simple mechanical models, and + shed light on the general impact of considering the principle + of causality for testing self-consistency: the described + dispersion relations constitute unavoidable benchmarks for any + experimental and model generated dataset. In order to connect + the response theory for equilibrium and non equilibrium + systems, we rewrite the classical results by Kubo so that + response functions formally identical to those proposed by + Ruelle, apart from the measure involved in the phase space + integration, are obtained. We briefly discuss how these + results, taking into account the chaotic hypothesis, might be + relevant for climate research. In particular, whereas the + fluctuation-dissipation theorem does not work for + non-equilibrium systems, because of the non-equivalence + between internal and external fluctuations, Kramers-Kronig + relations might be more robust tools for the definition of a + self-consistent theory of climate change.}, + archivePrefix ={arXiv}, + arxivId = {0710.0958}, + eprint = {0710.0958}, + file = {::}, + issn = 00224715, + keywords = {Axiom A dynamical systems,Chaotic hypothesis,Climate,Harmonic + generation,Kramers-Kronig relations,Kubo response + theory,Non-equilibrium steady states,Ruelle response + theory,SRB measure}, +} + +@article{Moreels2006, + author = {Moreels, I. and Hens, Z. and Kockaert, P. and Loicq, J. and + {Van Thourhout}, D.}, + title = {{Spectroscopy of the nonlinear refractive index of colloidal + PbSe nanocrystals}}, + journal = {Applied Physics Letters}, + volume = 89, + number = 19, + pages = {0--4}, + year = 2006, + doi = {10.1063/1.2385658}, + abstract = {A spectroscopic study of the optical nonlinearity of PbSe + colloidal solutions was performed with the Z-scan technique at + wavelength intervals of 1200-1350 and 1540-1750 nm. While + nonlinear absorption remains below the detection threshold, + the third order nonlinear refractive index n(2) shows clear + resonances, somewhat blueshifted relative to the exciton + transitions in the absorbance spectrum. The occurrence of + thermal effects is ruled out by time-resolved measurements. At + 1.55 mu m, measured (resonant) n(2) values exceed typical bulk + semiconductor values by two orders of magnitude. At high + optical intensity, the refractive index change saturates, + indicating that statefilling lies at the origin of the + observed effect.}, + file = {::}, + isbn = {0003-6951}, + issn = 00036951, +} + +@article{Moreels2007, + author = {Moreels, Iwan and Lambert, Karel and {De Muynck}, David and + Vanhaecke, Frank and Poelman, Dirk and Martins, Jos{\'{e}} C. + and Allan, Guy and Hens, Zeger}, + title = {{Composition and Size-Dependent Extinction Coefficient of + Colloidal PbSe Quantum Dots}}, + journal = {Chemistry of Materials}, + volume = 19, + number = 25, + pages = {6101--6106}, + year = 2007, + doi = {10.1021/cm071410q}, + url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cm071410q}, + file = {::}, + issn = {0897-4756}, + keywords = {reference,size-exciton correlation}, + mendeley-tags ={reference}, + month = {dec}, +} + +@article{Moreels2008, + author = {Moreels, Iwan and Hens, Zeger}, + title = {{On the interpretation of colloidal quantum-dot absorption + spectra.}}, + journal = {Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)}, + volume = 4, + number = 11, + pages = {1866--8; author reply 1869--70}, + year = 2008, + doi = {10.1002/smll.200800068}, + url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18855972}, + file = {::}, + issn = {1613-6829}, + keywords = {Absorption,Colloids,Colloids: chemistry,Quantum Dots,Spectrum + Analysis,Spectrum Analysis: methods}, + month = {nov}, + pmid = 18855972, +} + +@article{Moreels2009, + author = {Moreels, Iwan and Lambert, Karel and Muynck, David De and + Vanhaecke, Frank and Poelman, Dirk and Martins, Jos{\'{e}} C + and Allan, Guy and Hens, Zeger}, + title = {{Size-Dependent Optical Properties of Colloidal {\{}PbS{\}} + Quantum Dots}}, + journal = {ACS Nano}, + volume = 3, + number = 10, + pages = {3023--3030}, + year = 2009, + doi = {10.1021/nn900863a}, + abstract = {We quantitatively investigate the size-dependent optical + properties of colloidal {\{}PbS{\}} nanocrystals or quantum + dots (Qdots), by combining the Qdot absorbance spectra with + detailed elemental analysis of the Qdot suspensions. At high + energies, the molar extinction coefficient ?? increases with + the Qdot volume d3 and agrees with theoretical calculations + using the Maxwell???Garnett effective medium theory and bulk + values for the Qdot dielectric function. This demonstrates + that quantum confinement has no influence on ?? in this + spectral range, and it provides an accurate method to + calculate the Qdot concentration. Around the band gap, ?? only + increases with d1.3, and values are comparable to the ?? of + {\{}PbSe{\}} Qdots. The data are related to the oscillator + strength fif of the band gap transition and results agree well + with theoretical tight-binding calculations, predicting a + linear dependence of fif on d. For both {\{}PbS{\}} and + {\{}PbSe{\}} Qdots, the exciton lifetime ?? is calculated from + fif. We find values ranging between 1 and 3 ??s, in agreement + with experimental literature data from time-resolved + luminescence spectroscopy. Our results provide a thorough + general framework to calculate and understand the optical + properties of suspended colloidal quantum dots. Most + importantly, it highlights the significance of the local field + factor in these systems.}, + file = {::}, + issn = {1936-0851}, + keywords = {exciton lifetime,extinction coefficient,lead + chalcogenide,molar,oscillator strength,pbse,semiconductor + nanocrystals}, +} + +@article{Nootz2011, + author = {Nootz, Gero and Padilha, Lazaro A. and Levina, Larissa and + Sukhovatkin, Vlad and Webster, Scott and Brzozowski, Lukasz + and Sargent, Edward H. and Hagan, David J. and {Van Stryland}, + Eric W.}, + title = {{Size dependence of carrier dynamics and carrier + multiplication in PbS quantum dots}}, + journal = {Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics}, + volume = 83, + number = 15, + pages = {1--7}, + year = 2011, + doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.83.155302}, + abstract = {The time dynamics of the photoexcited carriers and + carrier-multiplication efficiencies in PbS quantum dots (QDs) + are investigated. In particular, we report on the carrier + dynamics, including carrier multiplication, as a function of + QD size and compare them to the bulk value. We show that the + intraband 1P -{\textgreater} 1S decay becomes faster for + smaller QDs, in agreement with the absence of a phonon + bottleneck. Furthermore, as the size of the QDs decreases, the + energy threshold for carrier multiplication shifts from the + bulk value to higher energies. However, the energy threshold + shift is smaller than the band-gap shift and, therefore, for + the smallest QDs, the threshold approaches 2.35 E(g), which is + close to the theoretical energy conservation limit of twice + the band gap. We also show that the carrier-multiplication + energy efficiency increases with decreasing QD size. By + comparing to theoretical models, our results suggest that + impact ionization is sufficient to explain carrier + multiplication in QDs.}, + file = {::}, + isbn = {1098-0121}, + issn = 10980121, +} + +@article{Okumura1999, + author = {Okumura, Ko and Tokmakoff, Andrei and Tanimura, Yoshitaka}, + title = {{Two-dimensional line-shape analysis of photon-echo signal}}, + journal = {Chemical Physics Letters}, + volume = 314, + number = {5-6}, + pages = {488--495}, + year = 1999, + doi = {10.1016/S0009-2614(99)01173-2}, + url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0009261499011732}, + abstract = {We analyze the two-dimensional (2D) line shape obtained by 2D + Fourier transforming the time-domain response of a photon-echo + signal as a function of the two coherence periods, t(1) and + t(3). The line shape obtained for a two-level system with + homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening is shown to be + sensitive to the magnitude of both of these line-broadening + mechanisms. It is shown that the ellipticity of the 2D line + shape can be related to the ratio of homogeneous to + inhomogeneous broadening. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All + rights reserved.}, + file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Dan/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley + Desktop/Downloaded/Okumura, Tokmakoff, Tanimura - 1999 - + Two-dimensional line-shape analysis of photon-echo + signal.pdf:pdf}, + isbn = {0009-2614}, + issn = 00092614, + keywords = {3rd-order,dynamics,glasses,phase,probes,spectroscopy}, + month = {dec}, +} + +@article{Olivero1977, + author = {Olivero, J.J. and Longbothum, R.L.}, + title = {{Empirical fits to the voigt line width: A brief review}}, + journal = {J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer}, + volume = 17, + pages = {233--236}, + year = 1977, + file = {::}, +} + +@article{Omari2012, + author = {Omari, Abdoulghafar and Moreels, Iwan and Masia, Francesco and + Langbein, Wolfgang and Borri, Paola and {Van Thourhout}, Dries + and Kockaert, Pascal and Hens, Zeger}, + title = {{Role of interband and photoinduced absorption in the + nonlinear refraction and absorption of resonantly excited PbS + quantum dots around 1550 nm}}, + journal = {Physical Review B}, + volume = 85, + number = 11, + pages = 115318, + year = 2012, + doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.85.115318}, + url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.115318}, + file = {::}, + issn = {1098-0121}, + month = {mar}, +} + +@article{Pang1991, + author = {Pang, Yang and Samoc, Marek and Prasad, Paras N.}, + title = {{Third‐order nonlinearity and two‐photon‐induced molecular + dynamics: Femtosecond time‐resolved transient absorption, Kerr + gate, and degenerate four‐wave mixing studies in poly ( p + ‐phenylene vinylene)/sol‐gel silica film}}, + journal = {The Journal of Chemical Physics}, + volume = 94, + number = 8, + pages = {5282--5290}, + year = 1991, + doi = {10.1063/1.460512}, + url = + {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp/94/8/10.1063/1.460512 + http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.460512}, + abstract = {Femtosecond response and relaxation of the third-order optical + nonlinearity in a newly developed poly (p-phenylene + vinylene)/sol-gel silica composite are investigated by time- + resolved forward wave degenerate four-wave mixing, Kerr gate, + and transient absorption techniques using 60 fs pulses at 620 + nm. Using a theoretical description of two- and four-wave + mixing in optically nonlinear media, it is shown that the + results obtained from simultaneous use of these techniques + yield valuable information on the real and imaginary + components of the third-order susceptibility. In the composite + material investigated here, the imaginary component is derived + from the presence of a two-photon resonance at the wavelength + of 620 nm used for the present study. This two-photon + resonance is observed as transient absorption of the probe + beam induced by the presence of a strong pump beam. It also + provides fifth-order nonlinear response both in transient + absorption and in degenerate four-wave mixing. The fifth- + order contributions are derived from the two-photon generated + excited species which can absorb at the measurement wavelength + and therefore modify both the absorption coefficient and the + refractive index of the medium.}, + file = {::}, + issn = {0021-9606}, + month = {apr}, +} + +@article{Peterson2007, + author = {Peterson, JJ and Huang, Libai and Delerue, C. and Allan, Guy}, + title = {{Uncovering forbidden optical transitions in PbSe + nanocrystals}}, + journal = {nano Letters}, + year = 2007, + url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nl072487g}, + file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Dan/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley + Desktop/Downloaded/Peterson et al. - 2007 - Uncovering + forbidden optical transitions in PbSe nanocrystals.pdf:pdf}, + keywords = {1P exciton,2 photon absorption,new,relevant}, + mendeley-tags ={new,relevant}, +} + +@article{Price2015, + author = {Price, Michael B. and Butkus, Justinas and Jellicoe, Tom C. + and Sadhanala, Aditya and Briane, Anouk and Halpert, Jonathan + E. and Broch, Katharina and Hodgkiss, Justin M. and Friend, + Richard H. and Deschler, Felix}, + title = {{Hot-carrier cooling and photoinduced refractive index changes + in organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites}}, + journal = {Nature Communications}, + volume = 6, + number = {May}, + pages = 8420, + year = 2015, + doi = {10.1038/ncomms9420}, + url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9420 + http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ncomms9420}, + archivePrefix ={arXiv}, + arxivId = {arXiv:1504.07508}, + eprint = {arXiv:1504.07508}, + file = {::}, + issn = {2041-1723}, + publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, +} + +@article{Schaller2003, + author = {Schaller, Richard D and Petruska, M. a. and Klimov, Victor I.}, + title = {{Tunable Near-Infrared Optical Gain and Amplified Spontaneous + Emission Using PbSe Nanocrystals}}, + journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry B}, + volume = 107, + number = 50, + pages = {13765--13768}, + year = 2003, + doi = {10.1021/jp0311660}, + url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp0311660}, + file = {::;::}, + issn = {1520-6106}, + month = {dec}, +} + +@article{Schins2009, + author = {Schins, Juleon and Trinh, M. and Houtepen, Arjan and + Siebbeles, Laurens}, + title = {{Probing formally forbidden optical transitions in PbSe + nanocrystals by time- and energy-resolved transient absorption + spectroscopy}}, + journal = {Physical Review B}, + volume = 80, + number = 3, + pages = 035323, + year = 2009, + doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.80.035323}, + url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.80.035323}, + file = {::}, + issn = {1098-0121}, + month = {jul}, +} + +@article{Svirko1999, + author = {{P. Svirko}, Yuri and Shirane, Masayuki and Suzuura, Hidekatsu + and Kuwata-Gonokami, Makoto}, + title = {{Four-Wave Mixing Theory at the Excitonic Resonance: Weakly + Interacting Boson Model}}, + journal = {Journal of the Physical Society of Japan}, + volume = 68, + number = 2, + pages = {674--682}, + year = 1999, + doi = {10.1143/JPSJ.68.674}, + url = {http://journals.jps.jp/doi/10.1143/JPSJ.68.674}, + file = {::}, + issn = {0031-9015}, + keywords = {Exciton,Four-particle correlation,Four-wave mixing,Normal mode + splitting,Semiconductor microcavity}, + month = {feb}, +} + +@article{Trinh2008, + author = {Trinh, M Tuan and Houtepen, Arjan J and Schins, Juleon M and + Piris, Jorge and Siebbeles, Laurens D a}, + title = {{Nature of the second optical transition in PbSe + nanocrystals.}}, + journal = {Nano letters}, + volume = 8, + number = 7, + pages = {2112--7}, + year = 2008, + doi = {10.1021/nl8010963}, + url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18510369}, + abstract = {The second peak in the optical absorption spectrum of PbSe + nanocrystals is arguably the most discussed optical transition + in semiconductor nanocrystals. Ten years of scientific debate + have produced many theoretical and experimental claims for the + assignment of this feature as the 1P e1P h as well as the 1S + h,e1P e,h transitions. We studied the nature of this + absorption feature by pump-probe spectroscopy, exactly + controlling the occupation of the states involved, and present + conclusive evidence that the optical transition involves + neither 1S e nor 1S h states. This suggests that it is the 1P + h1P e transition that gives rise to the second peak in the + absorption spectrum of PbSe nanocrystals.}, + file = {::}, + issn = {1530-6984}, + month = {jul}, + pmid = 18510369, +} + +@article{Trinh2013, + author = {Trinh, M. Tuan and Sfeir, Matthew Y. and Choi, Joshua J. and + Owen, Jonathan S. and Zhu, Xiaoyang}, + title = {{A Hot Electron–Hole Pair Breaks the Symmetry of a + Semiconductor Quantum Dot}}, + journal = {Nano Letters}, + volume = 13, + number = 12, + pages = {6091--6097}, + year = 2013, + doi = {10.1021/nl403368y}, + url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nl403368y}, + file = {::}, + issn = {1530-6984}, + keywords = {google the phrase,hot carriers,nanocrystals or,near the + bandgap is,now well-,one,ptical excitation of + semiconductor,qds,quantum dots,selection rules,stark + effect,symmetry breaking,transient absorption,understood}, + month = {dec}, +} + +@article{Wehrenberg2002, + author = {Wehrenberg, Brian L. and Wang, Congjun and Guyot-Sionnest, + Philippe}, + title = {{Interband and Intraband Optical Studies of PbSe Colloidal + Quantum Dots}}, + journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry B}, + volume = 106, + number = 41, + pages = {10634--10640}, + year = 2002, + doi = {10.1021/jp021187e}, + url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp021187e}, + file = {::}, + issn = {1520-6106}, + month = {oct}, +} + +@article{Wise2000, + author = {Wise, Frank W.}, + title = {{Lead salt quantum dots: the limit of strong quantum + confinement.}}, + journal = {Accounts of chemical research}, + volume = 33, + number = 11, + pages = {773--80}, + year = 2000, + url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11087314}, + abstract = {Nanocrystals or quantum dots of the IV-VI semiconductors PbS, + PbSe, and PbTe provide unique properties for investigating the + effects of strong confinement on electrons and phonons. The + degree of confinement of charge carriers can be many times + stronger than in most II-VI and III-V semiconductors, and lead + salt nanostructures may be the only materials in which the + electronic energies are determined primarily by quantum + confinement. This Account briefly reviews recent research on + lead salt quantum dots.}, + file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Dan/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley + Desktop/Downloaded/Wise - 2000 - Lead salt quantum dots the + limit of strong quantum confinement.pdf:pdf}, + issn = {0001-4842}, + keywords = {Crystallization,Electrochemistry,Lead,Lead: + chemistry,Semiconductors,Temperature}, + month = {nov}, + pmid = 11087314, +} + +@article{Yang2015, + author = {Yang, Ye and Yan, Yong and Yang, Mengjin and Choi, Sukgeun and + Zhu, Kai and Luther, Joseph M and Beard, Matthew C}, + title = {{Low surface recombination velocity in}}, + journal = {Nature Communications}, + volume = 6, + pages = {1--6}, + year = 2015, + doi = {10.1038/ncomms8961}, + url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8961}, + file = {::}, + publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, +} + +@article{Yang2017, + author = {Yang, Ye and Yang, Mengjin and Moore, David?T. and Yan, Yong + and Miller, Elisa?M. and Zhu, Kai and Beard, Matthew?C.}, + title = {{Top and bottom surfaces limit carrier lifetime in lead iodide + perovskite films}}, + journal = {Nature Energy}, + volume = 2, + number = 2, + pages = 16207, + year = 2017, + doi = {10.1038/nenergy.2016.207}, + url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/nenergy2016207}, + abstract = {Carrier recombination at defects is detrimental to the + performance of solar energy conversion systems, including + solar cells and photoelectrochemical devices. Point defects + are localized within the bulk crystal while extended defects + occur at surfaces and grain boundaries. If not properly + managed, surfaces can be a large source of carrier + recombination. Separating surface carrier dynamics from bulk + and/or grain-boundary recombination in thin films is + challenging. Here, we employ transient reflection spectroscopy + to measure the surface carrier dynamics in methylammonium lead + iodide perovskite polycrystalline films. We find that surface + recombination limits the total carrier lifetime in perovskite + polycrystalline thin films, meaning that recombination inside + grains and/or at grain boundaries is less important than top + and bottom surface recombination. The surface recombination + velocity in polycrystalline films is nearly an order of + magnitude smaller than that in single crystals, possibly due + to unintended surface passivation of the films during + synthesis.}, + file = {::}, + issn = {2058-7546}, + month = {jan}, +} + +@article{Yurs2011, + author = {Yurs, Lena A and Block, Stephen B and Pakoulev, Andrei V. and + Selinsky, Rachel S. and Jin, Song and Wright, John}, + title = {{Multiresonant Coherent Multidimensional Electronic + Spectroscopy of Colloidal PbSe Quantum Dots}}, + journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C}, + volume = 115, + number = 46, + pages = {22833--22844}, + year = 2011, + doi = {10.1021/jp207273x}, + url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp207273x}, + file = {::}, + issn = {1932-7447}, + month = {nov}, +} + +@article{Yurs2012, + author = {Yurs, Lena A and Block, Stephen B and Pakoulev, Andrei V. and + Selinsky, Rachel S. and Jin, Song and Wright, John}, + title = {{Spectral Isolation and Measurement of Surface-Trapped State + Multidimensional Nonlinear Susceptibility in Colloidal Quantum + Dots}}, + journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C}, + volume = 116, + number = 9, + pages = {5546--5553}, + year = 2012, + doi = {10.1021/jp3014139}, + url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp3014139}, + file = {::}, + issn = {1932-7447}, + month = {mar}, +}
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