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b/fabrication-and-operation-instructions/wpp-fabrication-operation.tex index e9cef7d..c56ffa0 100644 --- a/fabrication-and-operation-instructions/wpp-fabrication-operation.tex +++ b/fabrication-and-operation-instructions/wpp-fabrication-operation.tex @@ -52,18 +52,19 @@ \usepackage[numbers]{natbib} % title -\title{Wisconsin Photoreactor Platform\\Fabrication and Operation Guide} -\author{ - Philip P. Lampkin \\ - Blaise J. Thompson \\ - Samuel H. Gellman - } +\title{% + \textbf{A Versatile Open-source Photoreactor Architecture\\ for Photocatalysis Across the Visible Spectrum}} + +\author{\textbf{Philip P. Lampkin, Blaise J. Thompson and Samuel H. Gellman*} \\ \textit{University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706} \\ \\ \textit{Email: \href{mailto:gellman@chem.wisc.edu}{gellman@chem.wisc.edu}}} \date{\today} \begin{document} \maketitle - +\centering{\textbf{{\Large Wisconsin Photoreactor Platform\\ Fabrication and Operation Guide}}} + +\vspace{10mm} %5mm vertical space + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{"../coverart.png"} \tableofcontents @@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ Each component is highly versatile, and apparatus assembly is fully modular (Fig Through variation of each component, one can quickly produce bespoke WPP devices to meet specific research needs. The WPP is a living project. -We encourage duplication and modification of our designs. +We encourage duplication, modification and expansion of our designs. If you would like to contribute to the WPP project or notice a problem, please consider opening a pull request or issue on GitHub. \section{Fabrication} @@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ A list of LED stars tested with the WPP platform is available in the 'photon-sou It is easiest to use LED stars with pre-mounted LEDs. Otherwise, you can fabricate custom LED stars with discrete LEDs and bare LED star circuit boards. Custom LED star production requires a reflow oven. -All LED stars must be mounted that have LEDs with a maximum drive current of 1000 mA. +All LEDs must have a maximum drive current of 1000 mA or higher. \begin{figure}[H] \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{"./fig3.png"} @@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ The same base is shared by all WPP devices. When interacting with the design files in our repository you will see several filetypes. We have designed the WPP enclosure using Autodesk's Fusion 360 and included f3d design files for those who wish to extend or modify our designs. -Interacting with f3d files requires a Fusion 360 license, which is free to students and educators. +Interacting with f3d files requires a Fusion 360 license, which is free for students and educators. You will also find stl files in the repository. These are common 3D-model exchange files that can be viewed with 3D modeling programs or printed with 3D-printers. @@ -216,12 +217,12 @@ Remember to use proper eye protection. \begin{figure}[H] \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{"./fig8.png"} - \caption{(A) Provided reaction modules for 1-, 4-, 8- and 24-mL vials. (B) WPP devices fitted with the provided reaction modules. (C) Single and (D) multiple reaction configurations for provide 4-mL module.} + \caption{(A) Provided reaction modules for 2-, 4-, 8- and 24-mL vials. (B) WPP devices fitted with the provided reaction modules. (C) Single and (D) multiple reaction configurations for provide 4-mL module.} \end{figure} A WPP reaction module consists of a reaction chamber and vessel holder. By modifying chamber height and adjusting holder geometry, one can produce modules compatible with reaction vessels of various types and sizes. -Fusion360 designs and stl models for modules compatible with 1-, 4-, 8- and 24-mL vials are provided in the 'photoreaction-modules' subdirectory of the project repository (Figure 8A—B). +Fusion360 designs and stl models for modules compatible with 2-, 4-, 8- and 24-mL vials are provided in the 'photoreactor-reaction-modules' subdirectory of the project repository (Figure 8A—B). Template reaction chamber and vessel holder Fusion360 designs are provided in the same directory. We encourage you to design your own reaction modules if those provided in the project repository do not meet your needs. @@ -260,12 +261,12 @@ Your reaction module is now ready for use. \end{figure} A WPP device can be driven using an analog driver circuit board, a digital driver circuit board or a simple electronic circuit with a commercial LED driver (Figure 10). -All provide power to the cooling fan and constant current to the LEDs. +All provide power to the cooling fan and current to the LEDs. All utilize 1000 mA LED drivers. \textbf{\textit{Each provides different configurational capabilities.}} Both driver boards are built around Mean Well's LDD-1000L LED driver module. -This module delivers constant current up to one amp. +This module delivers current up to one amp. The current delivered can be controlled electronically in several different ways. Users wishing to understand this design should refer to Mean Well's datasheet. Refer to the "analog-driver-board" and "digital-driver-board" directories in the online repository for design files for each board. @@ -304,7 +305,7 @@ You may upload these zip files to PCB manufacturers when ordering copies of our \caption{(A) WPP devices fitted with analog driver boards connected in series. (B) Multimeter and WPP apparatus fitted with analog driver board. (C) Connection of multimeter to test points. (D) WPP apparatus at ~60 percent light intensity (1.5 V test point voltage)} \end{figure} -\textbf{\textit{Through use of the analog driver board, one can reproducibly control WPP device light intensity.}} +\textbf{\textit{Through use of the analog driver board, one can reproducibly control WPP device light intensity via modulation of drive current.}} This control is achieved through adjustment of the board-mounted potentiometer. No firmware is required, and multiple WPP reactors can be connected in series to a single power source (Figure 11A). However, fan speed isn’t adjustable and is maintained at maximum. @@ -384,7 +385,7 @@ The analog driver board is now ready for use. \label{FIG:digital-driver-network} \end{figure} -\textbf{\textit{Through use of the digital driver board, one can control WPP device light intensity and fan speed.}} This control is achieved by interfacing a control unit, like an Arduino Uno, to the digital driver board using custom software. Multiple WPP devices with digital driver boards can be connected to a single control unit and power supply (Figure 15). Open-source firmware for interfacing digital driver boards with an Arduino Uno control unit is provided in the project repository. Other peripherals can be connected to digital driver boards to expand functionality, but firmware must be produced to interface with them. +\textbf{\textit{Through use of the digital driver board, one can control WPP device light intensity and fan speed using pulse width modulation.}} This control is achieved by interfacing a control unit, like an Arduino Uno, to the digital driver board using custom firmware. Multiple WPP devices with digital driver boards can be connected to a single control unit and power supply (Figure 15). Open-source firmware for interfacing digital driver boards with an Arduino Uno control unit is provided in the project repository. Other peripherals can be connected to digital driver boards to expand functionality, but firmware must be produced to interface with them. To fabricate a digital driver board, first order digital driver PCBs from a PCB manufacturer. You will be sent bare boards of the type seen in Figure 16A. @@ -509,7 +510,7 @@ Once a WPP apparatus is configured with the desired photon source, reaction modu \caption{A WPP apparatus with a 450 nm photon source, 4 mL reactor module and digital driver board on a standard laboratory stir plate conducting 6 simultaneous photoreactions in the multiple reaction configuration.} \end{figure} -To conduct a photoreaction using a WPP device, an assembled apparatus should be placed on a lab stir plate, to provide reaction mixture stirring, and reaction vessels should be inserted into the apparatus in the desired layout (Figure 8). +To conduct a photoreaction using a WPP device, an assembled apparatus should be placed on a lab stir plate, to provide reaction mixture stirring, and reaction vessels should be inserted into the apparatus in the desired layout (Figure 23). The 130 by 130 mm footprint of the WPP architecture is compatible with typical stir plates. A standard 12 V power supply can then be plugged into the reactor driver to turn on the device and start irradiation. A single 12V 2 A power supply is sufficient to drive 2 WPP devices simultaneously. @@ -591,11 +592,24 @@ This information enables reproduction WPP devices fitted with the simple LED dri \section{Safety} WPP reactors utilize high-intensity light emitting diodes (LED) that can cause eye damage if proper safety precautions are not observed. -Light-filtering safety glasses should be worn whenever a WPP apparatus photon source is powered. -Care must be taken to use safety glasses protective against the specific emission wavelengths of the photon source. -\section{Acknowledgements} +A light-blocking shield should be utilized whenever operating a WPP apparatus. +Care must be taken to ensure the light-blocking shield employed adequately blocks light emitted by a WPP photon source from directly reaching a user. + +\begin{figure}[H] + \centering + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth/2]{"./fig24.png"} + \caption{WPP device fitted the provided light shield cover module printed in black PLA.} +\end{figure} + +A 3D printable light-blocking cover module for WPP devices is provided in the 'photoreactor-light-shield' subdirectory of the project repository. +The WPP light shield prevents direct exposure of users to light emitted by WPP photon sources. +We recommend printing the WPP light shield using black filament is recommended to reduce light bounce (Figure 24). + +Use of light-filtering safety glasses alongside a light-blocking shield can provide additional protection from high-intensity light. + +\section{Acknowledgments} -We thank Dr. Ilia Guzei for photography. We are grateful to Sebastian Thompson for help in production of custom LED stars. +We thank Dr. Ilia A. Guzei and Sebastian Thompson of UW-Madison for photography and help fabricating custom LED stars, respectively. \end{document} |
