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-\documentclass{manual}
-\pagenumbering{gobble}
-
-\title{Dual Low-Current Galvanostat}
-\author{Blaise Thompson}
-
-\begin{document}
-
-\maketitle
-
-\vspace*{\fill}
-\begin{center}
-  \includegraphics[width=0.75\linewidth]{../pictures/2018-11-14_104721}
-\end{center}
-\vspace*{\fill}
-
-\section{Overview \& Performance}
-\pagenumbering{arabic}
-
-The dual galvanostat is designed to force a small, constant current through an electrolytic cell.
-The voltage floats to whatever is needed to maintain that current.
-The maximum rated output voltage is 13 V, although in practice the voltage may be able to float several hundred millivolts above 13.
-The positive output (red) is guaranteed to be greater than or equal to the negative return (black), in voltage.
-Each output of the dual galvanostat is independent, such that the applied voltages may be different.
-However, the current set-point of both outputs is the same.
-
-The dual galvanostat is designed to deliver relatively small currents accurately.
-These small current set-points can be crucial when driving particularly slow reactions.
-When a galvanostat is set to a current that the reaction of interest cannot support, the galvanostat will naturally swing the output voltage higher.
-Often, the galvanostat will end up driving higher-potential undesirable reactions that are more kinetically favorable.
-For this reason, this galvanostat has been designed to hold current set-points between 10 $\mu$A and 9.99 mA.
-
-\autoref{fig:setpoint} shows the agreement between the set current and actual measured current for a constant load of 100 $\Omega$.
-Note that the data is displayed on a log-log plot.
-The output and setpoint agree to within measurement error for all setpoints above 0.30 mA.
-Below this setting, however, the agreement worsens---the measured current consistently overshoots the set current.
-The absolute deviation between setpoint and measured current never exceeds 30 $\mu$A.
-Please note that the galvanostat is still capable of maintaining these low currents.
-The displayed value simply may not correspond to the actual current, so an independent calibration is warranted.
-
-\autoref{fig:load} shows the applied voltage as a function of load resistance.
-In all cases, the set current was 1 mA.
-The grey line shows ``ideal'' ohms law behavior.
-The saturation of the galvanostat at roughly 13 V can easily be seen.
-
-\clearpage
-\begin{figure}
-  \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{../data/2018-11-13/setpoint}
-  \caption{
-    Measured current versus set current.
-    On this log-log plot, the entire set-point range of 10 $\mu$A to 9.99 mA can clearly be seen.
-    For both outputs, agreement within measurement error is achieved from 0.30 mA to 9.99 mA.
-    Unfortunately, both outputs become nonlinear at the lowest setpoints, systematically overshooting the desired current.
-    For an unknown reason, the agreement is worse for the left-hand output.
-    All readings were taken with a load of 100 $\Omega$.
-  }
-  \label{fig:setpoint}
-\end{figure}
-\clearpage
-
-\clearpage
-\begin{figure}
-  \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{../data/2018-11-14/load}
-  \caption{
-    Measured applied voltage versus load resistance.
-    All readings were taken at a current set-point of 1 mA.
-    The ``ideal'' ohms law behavior is represented by the grey diagonal line.
-    Both outputs saturate at just above 13 V.
-  }
-  \label{fig:load}
-\end{figure}
-\clearpage
-
-\section{Troubleshooting}
-
-This section describes calibration and testing of the dual galvanostat.
-
-When troubleshooting or inspecting the circuit, start by testing each of the power test points.
-All power voltages should be measured relative to circuit common at test point 1.
-TP2 should be +15 V.
-TP5 should be -6 V.
-If these are not maintained, check the regulator U1, the inverter U4, and the capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4, \& C5.
-C4 and C5 are electrolytic, so they may be the most suspect.
-
-There are three board-level trimpots that can be adjusted to calibrate the output of the dual galvanostat.
-Refer to the schematic and board drawings at the end of this manual to find the location of these trimpots.
-They are all three Bourns 3296 series, blue boxes with brass adjusts on the top.
-
-The first trimpot, RV4, is located near the top of the PCB.
-Adjust this trimpot while monitoring the voltage at TP6 relative to circuit common (TP1).
-Adjust the external digipot (RV3), and ensure that the voltage at TP6 corresponds directly to the setting of RV3, in mV.
-For example, when RV3 reads 999, the voltage at TP6 should be 0.999 V.
-Typically it is best to adjust this pot with RV3 set to a large number, since this gives you the most sensitivity in defining the necessary proportionality.
-
-You may find that TP6 does not respond, or that the response is not proportional to the setting of RV3.
-In this case, there may be a problem with the differential amplifier U5 or with the dual buffer U3.
-Test the voltage difference between TP3 and TP4, noting that TP3 is always equal to or more positive than TP4.
-Like TP6, the voltage between these test points should correspond to the setting of RV3, in mV.
-If you are able to confirm correct behavior at TP3 \& TP4 but not at TP6, start by verifying power and replacing U3 and U5.
-
-Both outputs of the dual galvanostat are driven directly by U6, a dual op-amp.
-Each of these has a separate trim pot for the current control, RV1 and RV2.
-After verifying correct behavior with at TP6, use a current meter placed across each output to calibrate the control resistors.
-Again, it is recommended to adjust these trim pots with RV3 set to a large number.
-
-\section{Appendix}
-
-This appendix contains the following:
-\begin{ditemize}
-  \item parts list
-  \item circuit schematic
-  \item full board
-  \item top layer
-  \item bottom layer
-\end{ditemize}
-
-\clearpage
-\subsection{Parts}
-
-Parts list.
-Costs are approximate.
-Trivial components like screws, standoffs, feet are not included.
-
-\begin{tabular}{
-    P{\dimexpr 0.02\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}|
-    p{\dimexpr 0.3\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}|
-    p{\dimexpr 0.37\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}|
-    p{\dimexpr 0.15\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}|
-    P{\dimexpr 0.15\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}
-  & name & part & vendor & cost (USD) \\ \hline
-  1 & enclosure & CU-3005-A:BUD & UW Stock & 9.00 \\
-  1 & barrel plug, 2.1 mm & 722A:SWITCHCRAFT & UW Stock & 3.00 \\
-  1 & switch &  R1966ABLKBLKEFGRN:E-SWITCH & UW Stock & 2.00 \\
-  1 & black banana & 108-0902-001:CINCH & UW Stock & 0.75 \\
-  1 & red banana & 108-0903-001:CINCH & UW Stock & 0.75 \\ \hline
-  1 & R1 & resistor, 1 k$\Omega$, 1/4 W & UW Stock & 0.00 \\
-  2 & R2, R3 & resistor, 240 $\Omega$, 1/4 W & UW Stock & 0.00 \\
-  2 & RV1, RV2 & 2K-3296:BOURNS & UW Stock & 3.00 \\
-  1 & RV3 & 3683S-1-103L:BOURNS & UW Stock & 10.00 \\
-  1 & RV4 & 100K-3296:BOURNS & UW Stock & 3.00 \\ \hline
-  1 & C1 & capacitor, tantalum, 10 $\mu$F & UW Stock & 0.25 \\
-  1 & C2 & capacitor, tantalum, 330 nF & UW Stock & 0.25 \\
-  1 & C3 & capacitor, tantalum, 100 nF & UW Stock & 0.25 \\
-  2 & C4, C5 & capacitor, electrolytic, 10 $\mu$F & UW Stock & 0.10 \\ \hline
-  4 & J0, J1, J2, RV3 (pins) & 22-23-2021:MOLEX & UW Stock & 0.25 \\
-  4 & J0, J1, J2, RV3 (socket) & 22-01-3027:MOLEX & UW Stock & 0.25 \\ \hline
-  1 & TP1 & 5012:KEYSTONE & UW Stock & 0.50 \\
-  1 & TP2 & 5010:KEYSTONE & UW Stock & 0.50 \\
-  1 & TP5 & 5011:KEYSTONE & UW Stock & 0.50 \\
-  3 & TP3, TP4, TP6 & 5014:KEYSTONE & UW Stock & 0.50 \\ \hline
-  5 & 8 pin DIP socket & 110-93-308-41-001000:MILL-MAX & UW Stock & 1.00 \\
-  1 & U1 & L7815CV:STM & UW Stock & 0.50 \\
-  1 & U4 & LMC7660IN/NOPB:TI & \href{https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/texas-instruments/LMC7660IN-NOPB/LMC7660IN-NOPB-ND/32523}{DigiKey} & 1.50 \\
-  1 & U5 & INA105KP:TI & \href{https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/texas-instruments/INA105KP/INA105KP-ND/251073}{DigiKey} & 10.00 \\
-  3 & U2, U3, U6 & LM358P:TI & \href{https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/texas-instruments/LM358P/296-1395-5-ND/277042}{DigiKey} & 0.50 \\
-\end{tabular}
-
-\includepdf[angle=-90, fitpaper=true]{../PCB/schematic.pdf}
-\includepdf[angle=-90, fitpaper=true]{../PCB/pcb.pdf}
-\includepdf[angle=-90, fitpaper=true]{../PCB/front.pdf}
-\includepdf[angle=-90, fitpaper=true]{../PCB/back.pdf}
-
-\end{document}